In İstanbul, where the urban area has grown rapidly because of intense migration movements, natural landscape has been destroyed and replaced by multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings. Over time, this has led to both spatial and categorical changes in land cover, marked by urban expansion and a decline in wetlands, forests, and agricultural land (Figure). "Land cover changes, especially due to urbanization, create bioclimatically less comfortable environments compared to surrounding areas. Urban expansion increases the frequency and intensity of convective precipitation (Wang et al., 0000), while human-generated aerosols enhance rainfall by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (Han & Baik, 0000). Impermeable surfaces in cities contribute to flooding and inundations