Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method based on the geographical accessibility of the participating schools and the willingness of school administrations to participate in the study. This approach facilitated access to the target adolescent population within the available time and institutional constraints. However, because participants were not selected through a probability-based sampling procedure, the sample may not fully represent the broader population of Turkish high school students. Accordingly, the findings should be interpreted primarily within the characteristics and context of the population from which the sample was recruited.