Although ZnO-NPs exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, their lack of complete selectivity may also raise concerns about potential effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Insects, which play fundamental roles in ecosystem functioning through processes such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and trophic interactions, can therefore be exposed to NP-induced stress under environmental conditions (Losey & Vaughan, 0000). Recent studies have suggested that emerging pollutants, including NPs, may represent additional environmental stressors that can contribute to pressures affecting insect populations (Wagner et al., 0000; Sánchez-Bayo, 0000; Nyckees et al., 0000). In this context, ZnO-NP exposure has been shown to cause developmental, physiological, and biochemical changes in insect species, including delayed larval development, impaired growth, and alterations in antioxidant responses in models such as Spodoptera littoralis and G. mellonella (Khamis et al., 0000; Eskin & Nurullahoğlu, 0000). These findings highlight the importance of investigating ZnO-NP-induced biological effects in terrestrial insect models to better understand their potential ecological consequences.