Ethanol plays a dual role here: it substitutes for unbound water within the collagen and helps eliminate water during air-drying phases, providing a suitable environment for ionization and chemical reaction with the dentinal mineral phase.00 Although ethanol wet bonding theoretically enhances resin-dentin interactions, its wide- spread clinical application has been limited due to procedural complexity and inconsistency in results. Hence, this bonding protocol has not yet reached its hoped clinical acceptance
since it only works for an E&R bonding mode, while adding an additional time-consuming step. Alternative solvents, such as isopropanol, as in Prime&Bond Active (Dentsply Sirona), have been explored to further refine this technique and improve its
reliability. Others suggested a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) pre-treatment strategy for durable bonding to dentin prior to the adhesive application.