The bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world market
given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in
every country. . . . Age-old national industries have been destroyed
and are still being destroyed daily. They are displaced by new indus
tries, . . . which no longer process indigenous raw materials but ones
that come from the remotest regions; industries whose products are
consumed not only at home but in all parts of the world simultane
ously. In place of the old wants [Bedürfnisse], satisfied by domestic
products, we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the prod
ucts of the most distant countries and climates. In place of the old,
local and national self-sufficiency and seclusion, we have commerce
in every direction [ein allseitiger Verkehr], a universal dependence of
nations from one another.