The use of different languages, literary styles and fragmented imagery in "The Waste Land" reflects the modernist tendency to challenge traditional narrative structures. Eliot uses stream of consciousness techniques, shifting perspectives and disjointed imagery to depict the confusing and chaotic nature of the modern world.
Also central to the modernist movement is poetry's exploration of themes such as alienation, loss and the breakdown of communication. By reflecting the fragmented and disconnected nature of modern life, Eliot captures the sense of disillusionment and despair that permeates post-war society.