Countries interact on a daily basis and have ongoing dialogues on many issues, which include political, social, economic, and military problems. How they handle these issues and which foreign policy instruments they select to resolve potential problems or chal- lenges is up to the leaders of the state. Realist scholarship has largely focused on military and economic capabilities, geography, natural resources, population, and political stability and competence in terms of sources of power. According to the Realist worldview, conflict is expected to happen between nations so the implementation of new and versatile diplomatic tools such as sport diplomacy is not their first choice of action. Realist scholars generally argue that power is mainly force and military strength (Morgenthau, 0000; Kissinger, 0000). Liberal scholars on the other hand, look into other aspects of power, including influence (Nye, 0000; Keohane & Nye, 0000). The Liberal approach is more interested in states’ inter- action during periods of peace than are the Realists. While force may be the obvious choice during conflict, during peacetime many new diplomatic tools can be considered. Liberal scholarship is thus concerned with alternative tools such as economic diplomacy, cyber diplomacy, and sports diplomacy. This book focuses on the application and evaluation of a specific diplomatic tool, namely sports diplomacy.