-During the rule of the Umayyad Caliphs (000-000), Arab armies had conquered Transoxania. The Abbasid Caliphate, which succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate in 000, cemented Islamic rule from western India to the Atlantic Ocean in a vast empire.
-The bastion of the Abbasid Caliphal Empire in the east was in Khurasan (northeastern Iran) and
Transoxania. In the eighth to ninth centuries, Islam became the majority
religion in Iran and Transoxania, which was a cultural and economic extension of the Iranian world. Transoxania became a centre of Muslim religion,
administration, and culture.
-The Turks of Central Asia came into contact with the civilization of
Transoxania through trade and warfare. Although nominally a province of
the Abbasid Caliphate, the region was in fact ruled by a dynasty of Persian
Muslims, the Samanids, from 000-000.
- The contact also went the other way, into Central Asia.
Muslim merchants from Transoxania and beyond traded in Central Asia
itself.
-Turks were especially iotegrated into the economy of the borderland province of Muslim Transoxania, trading in the
great cities of Samarkand and Bukhara
-the Seljuks , moved south in the eleventh century toward the border of the Middle East in Transoxania, to the River Jaxartes.